Optimum Population
Given the natural resources, stock of capital and the state of technical knowledge, there will be a definite size of population with the per capita income. The population which has the highest per capita income is known as optimum population.Standard of living is maximum
Under Population
If the actual population in a country is less than the optimum or ideal population, there will not be enough people to exploit all the resources of the country fully. Thus, the population and the per capita income will be lower. In other words, if the per capita income is low due to too few people, the population is then under population.Brazil and central asia is considered under-populated today based on present technology.
OverPopulation
If the actual population is above the level of optimum population, there will be too many people to work efficiently which results in diminishing returns.. As a result, the per capita income becomes lesser than before. This is the stage of overpopulation. In other words, if the per capita income is low due to too many people, the population under these circumstances would be over population.
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